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Envirnomental impact of household consumption
Mach, Radomír ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee) ; Musil, Petr (referee)
The main goal of this dissertation thesis is to quantify the environmental burden associated with household consumption in the Czech Republic. Emissions of three groups of gases were selected to express the burden on the environment, namely emissions causing climate change, acidification and the formation of photosmog. These emissions arise from the consumption of fuels in households, and they are usually referred to as direct household emissions. Or they arise in the production and distribution of goods and services, and they are usually referred to as indirect household emissions. Although indirect emissions come from combustion in energy production and other industrial processes and agricultural activities, not from households, they are a consequence of household demand for final products. Therefore, such emissions are considered to be a consequence of household consumption. The resulting emission values are given for the average household and households divided into expenditure deciles. Emissions increase with expenditure per household member in total consumption and in individual consumption groups across all deciles. In the case of climate change-related emissions, more than half come from heating (41%) and electricity (21%). For acidification, heating (31%) and food (24%) are the dominant...
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Who saves or does not saves the Energy - uncovering the Reasons for Practising Energy - saving Activities in Households
Holá, Veronika ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Hynek (referee)
The thesis "Who saves or does not save the energy: Uncovering the reasons for practicing energy-saving activities in households" identifies the segments which tend to (not) perform selected household energy saving activities and discover the reasons behind the (non) practicing these activities. The author uses both quantitative and qualitative approach. By quantitative approach, the author analyzes data from pilot project PURGE in order to identify segments which are more likely to do selected activities. Emphasis is placed on class position. The author's own qualitative survey by semi-structured interviews identifies the reasons behind this activities. Generally, the author discovered that the upper classes practice energy- saving activities more often than the lower classes which is consistent with findings that lower classes tend to perform habitual behavior and rely on technology and upper classes tend to calculate and study the effect of these activities. Among lowest educational category are (compared with other educational groups) more people who leave always or often turned on the television or radio, even when no one is watching. Women state more likely than men that they never turn down heating when leaving home for more than four hours, what corresponds to findings that arise from...
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Řešení nedostatku finančních prostředků v různých typech domácností v ČR
Pavézková, Lenka
The diploma thesis deals with the identification of forms solution for the absence of financial funds in different types of households in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part focuses on the consumer behaviour of households and the factors influencing the consumption. The practical part is based on qualitative research which analyse the structure of income and spending of households and their consumer preferences. It recognizes the main reasons leading households to saving, lending and using of financial products. A significant part of the diploma thesis is focused on the issue of financial literacy. Research sample was consisted of 18 households, for one month households had to recorded income and spending into the diaries. Diary survey was supplemented with in-depth interviews (n = 18). Gained information allowed to deduce conclusions and to formulate recommendations for institutions acting in the financial markets.
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The Impact of Economic and Political Development on People's Diet on the Example of the USA and the Czech Republic
Jedličková, Šárka ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
In these days, pop-economics has become popular. Economics of food has its place in this area. The aim is to confirm the hypothesis that the economic, political, and social development influence people's diet and changes the food culture. The research method is quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data and scientific articles about the Czech Republic and the USA. The thesis describes the current state of knowledge in economic development. Then it describes historical milestones in this area and the current situation. It focuses on events that have had the biggest impact on the quality and quantity of food consumed by individuals. It describes the development from the beginning of the 20th century to the present days with the main focus on the last 50 years. The hypothesis is confirmed and it is demonstrated that the described changes have an impact on the diet and food culture.
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Analysis of final consumption expenditure in Czech republic
Paul, Miroslav ; Vltavská, Kristýna (advisor) ; Musil, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with process of final consumption. Firstly the theoretical terms about gross domestic product and final consuption will be explained. The theoretical part is focused on the description of the ESA 1995 and classification CZ-COICOP. Then attention is focused on analysis of GDP and the analysis of final consumption expenditure during the years 2000 - 2012. The analysis is aimed at the structure of household final consumption expenditure based on the purpose.
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Household indebtedness in Czech Republic
Michalčíková, Alena ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of influence of choosen macroeconomic and demographic factors on the height of household indebtedness in Czech Republic from 2007 to 2012. The main goal is to study the influence of the unemployment rate on the total household indebtedness. This paper follows the study written by Erin Turinetti and Hong Zhuang (the analysis of indicators that cause growth of household indebtedness in U. S.) with the intention to verify their results on the czech households. In recent paper, this anlysis was extended by the influence of gross domestic product and job vacancies. Theoretical part deals with definition of household, with the theory of consumption and with the causes and development of getting into debt. In practical part of this paper there is examined the influence of individual factors on household indebtedness with the aid of regression analysis. On the basis of models it was proved that unemployment rate has significant influence on the total indebtedness. The increase of this indicator by 1 % will increase indebtedness by 16,5 %. Another important factor reveals to be gross domestic product. Its growth by 1 % leads to 0,000538 % growth in household indebtedness. The variables representing influence of share of inhabitance on basis of achieved education and job vacancies are covered in the extended model. The tendency to higher indebtedness was found out at university graduates. Job vacancies have also positive influence on the height of household indebtedness. It was also proven that the household indebtedness was 9 % higher during the years when economic crisis took place in comparison with another years. The data from Czech Statisitcal Bureau and from ARAD (Czech National Bank) was used for the purpose of this paper.
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Analysis of the impact of changes in excise tax rates on households
Becková, Veronika ; Zídková, Hana (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the impact of changes in excise taxes on spending and household consumption in the Czech Republic during the period 2004 - 2013. The first chapter describes the excise tax in general, the second chapter describes the changes of the rates of excise duties. Chapter three focuses on collection of statistical data about household spendings and their structure. It also specifies the methodology and assumptions of the model for subsequent analysis. The last (practical) part analyzes the impact of changes of excise tax rates on households. This chapter presents my own calculations of taxes paid for each product and examines their impact on households.
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Economic and social aspects of overindebtedness of households in Czech Republic after 2000
Švec, František ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of excessive debt of households. In the first part the analysis of development of indebtedness of households was made and it was found out, that consumer loans are the most risky. Consumer loans are associated with the highest ratio of defaulting loans and are the leading cause of bankruptcies of individuals in the Czech Republic. The following chapter analyzes institutional environment of credit market and detects current weaknesses. These weaknesses consist in insufficient oversight of nonbank provider of consumer loans, absence of upper limit of annual percentage rate for consumer credit and credit availability to risk groups of households. Another cause of overindebtedness of households is insufficient financial literacy in Czech Republic. The reduced consumption has been identified as the most significant impact of overindebtedness of households. It is caused by transferring funds from households with a higher propensity to consume to households with a lower propensity to consume. Lower household consumption leads also to lower government revenue collected through the value added tax. Another economic impact we can see for example in increasing poverty of households, increasing criminality, higher government spending on health care or potential political radicalization. The thesis results are proposals of legislative measures that would mitigate the economic impact of overindebtedness of households. These measures lie primarily in the regulation of consumer credit market and greater consumer protection. The specific options are an extension of supervision by the Czech National Bank on nonbank providers of consumer loans, determining the upper limit of annual percentage rate, more thorough application of the legal obligation to examine the ability of borrowers to repay loans. Another option is to reduce the limit of 30 % of paid-up commitments in insolvency law.
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Consumption of American households during the Second World War
Akhlasová, Nicoletta ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Fabianková, Klára (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the Second World War on the consumption of households in the USA. The main part of this thesis is devoted to the consumption of single items and government regulations which have influenced the consumption. In addition to development of the labor market and wages this thesis focuses on the transformation of the women role and on the transformation of the standard of living. This thesis indicates that during the Second World War the consumption and savings of the population were greatly influenced by rationing, price caps and other factors. The results of this thesis implies that although there was an increasing of wages and a significant decreasing of unemployment, the consumption of households was greatly influenced by rationing and price caps. As a result of these regulations it led to a decrease in the quality of goods and to restrictions on selling certain items of soft goods and durable goods. Thus, the standard of living of the population was significantly influenced by these restrictions in consumption.
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Analysis of households consumption in Czech Republic
Matějů, Tereza ; Kloudová, Dana (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
Abstract This Bachelor's thesis is focused on analysis of households consumption between 1995 -- 2013 and aim of this work is to expose relation between households consumption and gross domestic product. The Author uses database of Czech Statistical Office and reveals that households consumption is the most significant part of expenditures on final consumption and gross domestic product. Households consumption is also very stable part of gross domestic product and therefore households consumption shows small fluctuations during defined period. The amount of funds has mostly increasing progress.
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